diff --git a/.github/workflows/kitesurf.yml b/.github/workflows/kitesurf.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..547dc75f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/kitesurf.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+name: Kitesurf Helper Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 4.x
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - '**'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  CI: true
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+  KITESURF_VERSION: 2026.11.9
+  KITESURF_ENDPOINT: http://127.0.0.1:8787
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 90
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Checkout Kitesurf
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          repository: cloudflare/kitesurf
+          ref: ${{ env.KITESURF_VERSION }}
+          path: kitesurf
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Use Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        with:
+          node-version-file: '.nvmrc'
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        with:
+          version: 9.15.4
+          run_install: false
+      - uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
+        with:
+          php-version: 8.0
+      - name: npm install
+        run: npm i --force
+      - name: Install Kitesurf dependencies
+        working-directory: kitesurf
+        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+      - name: Cache Kitesurf build
+        id: kitesurf-build
+        uses: actions/cache@v6
+        with:
+          path: |
+            kitesurf/packages/core/pkg
+            kitesurf/packages/renderer-core/pkg
+            kitesurf/packages/engine/public/rbi
+            kitesurf/packages/dom-shim/dist
+            kitesurf/packages/page-script/dist
+            kitesurf/packages/page-renderer/dist
+            kitesurf/packages/worker-script/dist
+          key: kitesurf-build-${{ env.KITESURF_VERSION }}-x86_64-linux
+      - name: Build Kitesurf
+        if: steps.kitesurf-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        working-directory: kitesurf
+        run: |
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet /usr/local/lib/android /opt/ghc /usr/local/.ghcup /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL
+          bazel run //packages/engine:dev_build
+      - name: start Kitesurf
+        working-directory: kitesurf/packages/engine
+        run: |
+          npx wrangler dev --env local -c wrangler.jsonc -c test/fixtures-worker/wrangler.jsonc --port 8787 > ~/kitesurf.log 2>&1 &
+          for i in $(seq 1 90); do curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:8787/health && break; sleep 2; done
+          curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:8787/json/version
+      - name: start test server
+        run: |
+          php -S 127.0.0.1:8000 -t test/data/app &
+          sleep 1
+          curl -sf http://127.0.0.1:8000/info > /dev/null
+      - name: run kitesurf helper tests
+        run: npm run test:unit:webbapi:kitesurf
+      - name: run kitesurf acceptance tests
+        run: ./bin/codecept.js run -c test/acceptance/codecept.Kitesurf.js --grep @Kitesurf --debug
+      - name: Kitesurf log
+        if: failure()
+        run: tail -200 ~/kitesurf.log
diff --git a/Bunoshfile.js b/Bunoshfile.js
index 58fead570..dd169a9f0 100644
--- a/Bunoshfile.js
+++ b/Bunoshfile.js
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ const inheritedHelperDocs = {
   Obscura: { parent: 'CDPBrowser' },
   Lightpanda: { parent: 'CDPBrowser' },
   Moli: { parent: 'CDPBrowser' },
-  Kitesurf: { parent: 'CDPBrowser', excludeConfig: ['endpoint', 'headers'] },
+  Kitesurf: { parent: 'CDPBrowser' },
 }
 
 const abstractHelpers = ['CDPBrowser']
diff --git a/docs/alternative-browsers.md b/docs/alternative-browsers.md
index b285955f9..e68b39c1d 100644
--- a/docs/alternative-browsers.md
+++ b/docs/alternative-browsers.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ title: Alternative Browser Engines
 The `Obscura`, `Lightpanda`, `Moli` and `Kitesurf` helpers are experimental. Keep a Playwright or WebDriver job for compatibility-critical tests.
 :::
 
-Playwright drives full Chromium, Firefox and WebKit: the most accurate way to test what users see, at the cost of a heavy browser per worker. Alternative engines trade part of that accuracy for speed, a small footprint, or cloud scale. They are a good fit for functional tests (text appears, form submits, redirect happens, cookie is set) and a poor one for anything visual.
+Playwright drives full Chromium, Firefox and WebKit: the most accurate way to test what users see, at the cost of a heavy browser per worker. Alternative engines trade part of that accuracy for speed, a small footprint, or cloud scale. Obscura, Lightpanda, Moli and Kitesurf are open source and run on your machine; Kitesurf also runs in Cloudflare's cloud. They are a good fit for functional tests (text appears, form submits, redirect happens, cookie is set) and a poor one for anything visual.
 
 Your tests do not change. `I.amOnPage`, `I.click`, `I.fillField`, `I.see`, `I.seeElement` and the rest of the `I.*` web API work the same; you only swap the helper in the config. All engines below speak Chrome DevTools Protocol, so there is no `npx playwright install` step.
 
@@ -200,14 +200,53 @@ All options: [Moli helper reference](/helpers/moli).
 
 ## Kitesurf
 
-[Kitesurf](https://blog.cloudflare.com/kitesurf/) is Cloudflare's browser running on Cloudflare Workers, with a real layout and rendering pipeline. Sessions start in about a second and nothing runs on your machine, so the number of parallel browsers is limited only by how far your suite splits.
+[Kitesurf](https://github.com/cloudflare/kitesurf) is Cloudflare's open-source browser engine built on Cloudflare Workers, with real layout and rendering: screenshots and the `screencast` plugin work. Run it locally for development and CI, or use it in the cloud through Cloudflare Browser Run, where sessions start in about a second and the number of parallel browsers is limited only by how far your suite splits.
+
+Page JavaScript runs in Boa, a JavaScript engine written in Rust, not V8, so some libraries fail to start.
+
+Kitesurf starts a fresh isolated worker for every page, so each navigation costs about 200 ms on a local engine. A suite runs about 4 times slower than on Lightpanda, Moli or Obscura, close to Playwright. In exchange, it is the only engine here with real layout and screenshots.
 
 Limitations:
 
-- Cloud only, currently a free beta.
-- The browser cannot reach `localhost`: test a deployed environment or expose your app with a tunnel such as `cloudflared tunnel --url http://localhost:3000`.
+- `attachFile` does not upload files.
+- Clipboard actions do not work: pages are never a secure context, even on `localhost`.
+- A click can hit the wrong element when a child overflows a container with `overflow: hidden`.
+- Rich text editors Quill, Trix and ACE do not work; TinyMCE does not start on a pre-filled element.
+- A Base UI radio group does not uncheck the previously selected radio.
+- Links compute `cursor: auto` instead of `pointer`.
 
-### Setup
+### Local engine
+
+Build and start the engine following the [Kitesurf README](https://github.com/cloudflare/kitesurf#run-locally). It listens on `http://127.0.0.1:8787`. Point the helper at it with `endpoint`; the helper connects but never starts or stops the engine:
+
+```js
+// codecept.conf.js
+export const config = {
+  helpers: {
+    Kitesurf: {
+      url: 'http://localhost:3000',
+      endpoint: 'http://127.0.0.1:8787',
+    },
+  },
+}
+```
+
+The same `endpoint` works for an engine you deploy to your own Cloudflare account. If it sits behind Cloudflare Access, pass the service token in `headers`:
+
+```js
+Kitesurf: {
+  url: 'https://staging.myapp.com',
+  endpoint: 'https://kitesurf.example.com',
+  headers: {
+    'CF-Access-Client-Id': process.env.CF_ACCESS_CLIENT_ID,
+    'CF-Access-Client-Secret': process.env.CF_ACCESS_CLIENT_SECRET,
+  },
+}
+```
+
+### Cloudflare Browser Run
+
+Without `endpoint`, the helper opens a Kitesurf session in Cloudflare Browser Run, currently a free beta. A cloud browser cannot reach `localhost`: test a deployed environment or expose your app with a tunnel such as `cloudflared tunnel --url http://localhost:3000`.
 
 Enable [Cloudflare Browser Run](https://developers.cloudflare.com/browser-run/) and create an API token with the **Browser Rendering → Edit** permission. Export the credentials:
 
@@ -229,8 +268,6 @@ export const config = {
 }
 ```
 
-### Usage
-
 Every worker opens its own cloud session:
 
 ```sh
diff --git a/docs/helpers/Kitesurf.md b/docs/helpers/Kitesurf.md
index fdc6d5205..8a381493d 100644
--- a/docs/helpers/Kitesurf.md
+++ b/docs/helpers/Kitesurf.md
@@ -11,17 +11,40 @@ title: Kitesurf
 
 **Extends CDPBrowser**
 
-Kitesurf is a cloud browser helper that extends CDPBrowser to run tests against
-Cloudflare's Browser Run service (Kitesurf browser). It automates real browser
-sessions in Cloudflare's cloud infrastructure, eliminating the need to manage
-local browser instances.
+Kitesurf drives [Kitesurf][1], Cloudflare's open-source
+browser engine that runs on Cloudflare Workers, over the Chrome DevTools Protocol.
 
-**Status:** Beta
+**Status:** Experimental
 
-## Requirements
+The helper connects in one of two ways:
 
-*   Cloudflare account with Browser Run enabled
-*   API token with **Browser Rendering Edit** permission
+*   **Engine you run** — set `endpoint` to a Kitesurf engine started locally with `pnpm run dev`
+    (`http://127.0.0.1:8787`) or deployed to your own account. The helper only connects; it never
+    starts or stops the engine.
+*   **Cloudflare Browser Run** — leave `endpoint` unset and provide `accountId` and `apiToken`.
+    Every test run opens a cloud session and closes it after the last test.
+
+## Local engine
+
+Build and start the engine following the [Kitesurf README][2],
+then point the helper at it:
+
+```js
+// codecept.conf.js
+{
+  helpers: {
+    Kitesurf: {
+      url: 'http://localhost:3000',
+      endpoint: 'http://127.0.0.1:8787',
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Cloudflare Browser Run
+
+Requires a Cloudflare account with Browser Run enabled and an API token with
+**Browser Rendering Edit** permission.
 
 ## Setup
 
@@ -37,10 +60,8 @@ To create an API token with Browser Rendering Edit permission:
 
 For more details, see:
 
-*   [Cloudflare Browser Run Developers Docs][1]
-*   [Cloudflare Blog - Kitesurf Announcement][2]
-
-## Example
+*   [Cloudflare Browser Run Developers Docs][3]
+*   [Cloudflare Blog - Kitesurf Announcement][4]
 
 ```js
 // codecept.conf.js
@@ -68,23 +89,25 @@ export CF_API_TOKEN="your-api-token"
 
 This helper should be configured in codecept.conf.js
 
-Type: [object][4]
+Type: [object][6]
 
 ### Properties
 
-*   `url` **[string][3]?** base URL for tests
-*   `accountId` **[string][3]?** Cloudflare account ID; defaults to CF_ACCOUNT_ID env var
-*   `apiToken` **[string][3]?** Cloudflare API token; defaults to CF_API_TOKEN env var
-*   `keepAlive` **[number][8]?** session keep-alive time in milliseconds
-*   `apiBase` **[string][3]?** Cloudflare API base URL
-*   `input` **[string][3]?** how actions are dispatched: `cdp` (real mouse and keyboard events) or `synthetic` (DOM events).
-*   `capabilities` **[object][4]?** browser capabilities; Kitesurf sets `{ layout: 'real', screenshot: true }`.
-*   `xpathPolyfill` **([string][3] | [boolean][18])?** inject an XPath polyfill for browsers with incomplete XPath support. `auto` detects when it is needed.
-*   `waitForTimeout` **[number][8]?** default timeout for wait* actions, in seconds.
-*   `waitForAction` **[number][8]?** fixed delay after each action, in milliseconds. When unset, actions wait only for the navigation they trigger.
-*   `pollInterval` **[number][8]?** interval between checks while waiting, in milliseconds.
-*   `getPageTimeout` **[number][8]?** maximum time to wait for a page to load, in seconds.
-*   `waitForNavigation` **[string][3]?** when a navigation is considered finished: `load`, `domcontentloaded`, or `networkidle`.
+*   `url` **[string][5]?** base URL for tests
+*   `endpoint` **[string][5]?** CDP endpoint of a Kitesurf engine you run yourself, e.g. `http://127.0.0.1:8787` for a local `pnpm run dev`. When set, the helper connects to it directly and does not use Cloudflare Browser Run.
+*   `headers` **[object][6]?** headers sent when connecting to `endpoint`, e.g. `CF-Access-Client-Id` and `CF-Access-Client-Secret` for an engine behind Cloudflare Access.
+*   `accountId` **[string][5]?** Cloudflare account ID; defaults to CF_ACCOUNT_ID env var
+*   `apiToken` **[string][5]?** Cloudflare API token; defaults to CF_API_TOKEN env var
+*   `keepAlive` **[number][10]?** session keep-alive time in milliseconds
+*   `apiBase` **[string][5]?** Cloudflare API base URL
+*   `input` **[string][5]?** how actions are dispatched: `cdp` (real mouse and keyboard events) or `synthetic` (DOM events).
+*   `capabilities` **[object][6]?** browser capabilities; Kitesurf sets `{ layout: 'real', screenshot: true }`.
+*   `xpathPolyfill` **([string][5] | [boolean][20])?** inject an XPath polyfill for browsers with incomplete XPath support. `auto` detects when it is needed.
+*   `waitForTimeout` **[number][10]?** default timeout for wait* actions, in seconds.
+*   `waitForAction` **[number][10]?** fixed delay after each action, in milliseconds. When unset, actions wait only for the navigation they trigger.
+*   `pollInterval` **[number][10]?** interval between checks while waiting, in milliseconds.
+*   `getPageTimeout` **[number][10]?** maximum time to wait for a page to load, in seconds.
+*   `waitForNavigation` **[string][5]?** when a navigation is considered finished: `load`, `domcontentloaded`, or `networkidle`.
 
 
 
@@ -107,7 +130,7 @@ I.amOnPage('/login'); // opens a login page
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `url` **[string][3]** url path or global url.
+*   `url` **[string][5]** url path or global url.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -128,9 +151,9 @@ I.appendField('name', 'John', '.form-container');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator
-*   `value` **[string][3]** text value to append.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator
+*   `value` **[string][5]** text value to append.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -159,16 +182,16 @@ I.attachFile('#dropzone', 'data/avatar.jpg');
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `field`  
-*   `pathToFile` **[string][3]** local file path relative to codecept.conf.ts or codecept.conf.js config file.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `pathToFile` **[string][5]** local file path relative to codecept.conf.ts or codecept.conf.js config file.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
 ### blur
 
 Remove focus from a text input, button, etc.
-Calls [blur][5] on the element.
+Calls [blur][7] on the element.
 
 Examples:
 
@@ -185,8 +208,8 @@ I.dontSee('#add-to-cart-btn');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `options` **any?** Playwright only: [Additional options][6] for available options object as 2nd argument.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `options` **any?** Playwright only: [Additional options][8] for available options object as 2nd argument.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -209,8 +232,8 @@ I.checkOption('agree', '//form');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** checkbox located by label | name | CSS | XPath | strict locator.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** checkbox located by label | name | CSS | XPath | strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -238,7 +261,7 @@ I.clearCookie('test');
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `name`  
-*   `cookie` **[string][3]?** (optional, `null` by default) cookie name 
+*   `cookie` **[string][5]?** (optional, `null` by default) cookie name 
 
 ### clearField
 
@@ -257,8 +280,8 @@ I.clearField('Email', '.form-container');
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `field`  
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
-*   `editable` **([string][3] | [object][4])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `editable` **([string][5] | [object][6])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder.
 
@@ -292,12 +315,12 @@ I.click({css: 'nav a.login'});
 I.click({role: 'button', name: 'Submit'});
 ```
 
-> ℹ️ ARIA role locators (`{role, name}`) match elements the way assistive technology does and survive markup refactors. See [Locators][7].
+> ℹ️ ARIA role locators (`{role, name}`) match elements the way assistive technology does and survive markup refactors. See [Locators][9].
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** (optional, `'//body'` by default) clickable link or button located by text, or any element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. 
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4] | null)** (optional, `null` by default) element to search in CSS|XPath|Strict locator. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** (optional, `'//body'` by default) clickable link or button located by text, or any element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. 
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6] | null)** (optional, `null` by default) element to search in CSS|XPath|Strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -313,9 +336,9 @@ I.clickXY('#area', 50, 30); // relative to #area
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4] | [number][8])** element to click relative to, or the X page coordinate.
-*   `x` **[number][8]?** X coordinate relative to the element, or the Y page coordinate if `locator` is a number.
-*   `y` **[number][8]?** Y coordinate relative to the element.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6] | [number][10])** element to click relative to, or the X page coordinate.
+*   `x` **[number][10]?** X coordinate relative to the element, or the Y page coordinate if `locator` is a number.
+*   `y` **[number][10]?** Y coordinate relative to the element.
 
 Returns **void** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -331,8 +354,8 @@ I.dontSee('Login', '.nav'); // no login inside .nav element
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** which is not present.
-*   `context` **([string][3] | [object][4])?** (optional) element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator in which to perfrom search. 
+*   `text` **[string][5]** which is not present.
+*   `context` **([string][5] | [object][6])?** (optional) element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator in which to perfrom search. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -349,7 +372,7 @@ I.dontSeeCheckboxIsChecked('agree'); // located by name
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `locator`  
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -363,7 +386,7 @@ I.dontSeeCookie('auth'); // no auth cookie
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `name` **[string][3]** cookie name.
+*   `name` **[string][5]** cookie name.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -379,7 +402,7 @@ I.dontSeeCurrentPathEquals('/'); // fails for '/', '/?user=ok', '/#top'
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `path` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `path` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -395,7 +418,7 @@ I.dontSeeCurrentUrlEquals('http://mysite.com/login'); // absolute urls are also
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `url` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `url` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -412,8 +435,8 @@ I.dontSeeElement('.modal', '#container');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|Strict locator.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|Strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -427,7 +450,7 @@ I.dontSeeElementInDOM('.nav'); // checks that element is not on page visible or
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|Strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|Strict locator.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -437,7 +460,7 @@ Checks that current url does not contain a provided fragment.
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `url` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `url` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -457,9 +480,9 @@ I.dontSeeInField('Name', 'old_value', '.form-container');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `value` **([string][3] | [object][4])** value to check.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `value` **([string][5] | [object][6])** value to check.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -474,7 +497,7 @@ I.dontSeeInSource('<!--'); // no comments in source
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `text` &#x20;
-*   `value` **[string][3]** to check.
+*   `value` **[string][5]** to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -488,7 +511,7 @@ I.dontSeeInTitle('Error');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `text` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -505,10 +528,10 @@ I.dontSeeTraffic({ name: 'Unexpected API Call of "user" endpoint', url: /api.exa
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `opts` **[Object][4]** options when checking the traffic network.
+*   `opts` **[Object][6]** options when checking the traffic network.
 
-    *   `opts.name` **[string][3]** A name of that request. Can be any value. Only relevant to have a more meaningful error message in case of fail.
-    *   `opts.url` **([string][3] | [RegExp][9])** Expected URL of request in network traffic. Can be a string or a regular expression.
+    *   `opts.name` **[string][5]** A name of that request. Can be any value. Only relevant to have a more meaningful error message in case of fail.
+    *   `opts.url` **([string][5] | [RegExp][11])** Expected URL of request in network traffic. Can be a string or a regular expression.
 
 Returns **void** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -526,8 +549,8 @@ I.doubleClick('.btn.edit');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** clickable link or button located by text, or any element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element to search in CSS|XPath|Strict locator. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** clickable link or button located by text, or any element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element to search in CSS|XPath|Strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -536,7 +559,7 @@ Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise thr
 Executes async script on page.
 Provided function should execute a passed callback (as first argument) to signal it is finished.
 
-Example: In Vue.js to make components completely rendered we are waiting for [nextTick][10].
+Example: In Vue.js to make components completely rendered we are waiting for [nextTick][12].
 
 ```js
 I.executeAsyncScript(function(done) {
@@ -556,10 +579,10 @@ let val = await I.executeAsyncScript(function(url, done) {
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `fn` **([string][3] | [function][11])** function to be executed in browser context.
+*   `fn` **([string][5] | [function][13])** function to be executed in browser context.
 *   `args` **...any** to be passed to function.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<any>** script return value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<any>** script return value
 
 ### executeScript
 
@@ -589,10 +612,10 @@ let date = await I.executeScript(function(el) {
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `fn` **([string][3] | [function][11])** function to be executed in browser context.
+*   `fn` **([string][5] | [function][13])** function to be executed in browser context.
 *   `args` **...any** to be passed to function.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<any>** script return value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<any>** script return value
 
 ### fillField
 
@@ -616,13 +639,13 @@ I.fillField({role: 'textbox', name: 'Email'}, 'hello@world.com');
 I.fillField('Name', 'John', '#section2');
 ```
 
-> ℹ️ ARIA role locators (`{role, name}`) match fields by their accessible name and survive markup refactors. See [Locators][7].
+> ℹ️ ARIA role locators (`{role, name}`) match fields by their accessible name and survive markup refactors. See [Locators][9].
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `value` **([string][3] | [object][4])** text value to fill.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `value` **([string][5] | [object][6])** text value to fill.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -636,7 +659,7 @@ I.flushNetworkTraffics();
 
 ### focus
 
-Calls [focus][5] on the matching element.
+Calls [focus][7] on the matching element.
 
 Examples:
 
@@ -648,8 +671,8 @@ I.see('#add-to-cart-bnt');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `options` **any?** Playwright only: [Additional options][13] for available options object as 2nd argument.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `options` **any?** Playwright only: [Additional options][15] for available options object as 2nd argument.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -682,15 +705,15 @@ I.forceClick({css: 'nav a.login'});
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** clickable link or button located by text, or any element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element to search in CSS|XPath|Strict locator. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** clickable link or button located by text, or any element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element to search in CSS|XPath|Strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
 ### grabAriaSnapshot
 
 Retrieves the ARIA snapshot of the page, or of an element, built from the browser accessibility tree.
-The format matches Playwright's [ARIA snapshots][14].
+The format matches Playwright's [ARIA snapshots][16].
 
 ```js
 const snapshot = await I.grabAriaSnapshot();
@@ -699,9 +722,9 @@ const formSnapshot = await I.grabAriaSnapshot('#login-form');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. Defaults to body element. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. Defaults to body element. 
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** YAML representation of the accessibility tree
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** YAML representation of the accessibility tree
 
 ### grabAttributeFrom
 
@@ -715,10 +738,10 @@ let hint = await I.grabAttributeFrom('#tooltip', 'title');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `attr` **[string][3]** attribute name.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `attr` **[string][5]** attribute name.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** attribute value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** attribute value
 
 ### grabAttributeFromAll
 
@@ -731,10 +754,10 @@ let hints = await I.grabAttributeFromAll('.tooltip', 'title');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `attr` **[string][3]** attribute name.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `attr` **[string][5]** attribute name.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[Array][15]<[string][3]>>** attribute value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[Array][17]<[string][5]>>** attribute value
 
 ### grabCookie
 
@@ -749,7 +772,7 @@ assert(cookie.value, '123456');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `name` **[string][3]?** cookie name. 
+*   `name` **[string][5]?** cookie name. 
 
 Returns **any** attribute value
 
@@ -762,7 +785,7 @@ Resumes test execution, so **should be used inside async function with `await`**
 let cookies = await I.grabCookies();
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[Array][15]<CodeceptJS.Cookie>>** array of cookie objects.
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[Array][17]<CodeceptJS.Cookie>>** array of cookie objects.
 
 ### grabCssPropertyFrom
 
@@ -776,10 +799,10 @@ const value = await I.grabCssPropertyFrom('h3', 'font-weight');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `cssProperty` **[string][3]** CSS property name.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `cssProperty` **[string][5]** CSS property name.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** CSS value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** CSS value
 
 ### grabCssPropertyFromAll
 
@@ -792,10 +815,10 @@ const values = await I.grabCssPropertyFromAll('h3', 'font-weight');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `cssProperty` **[string][3]** CSS property name.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `cssProperty` **[string][5]** CSS property name.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[Array][15]<[string][3]>>** CSS value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[Array][17]<[string][5]>>** CSS value
 
 ### grabCurrentUrl
 
@@ -807,7 +830,7 @@ let url = await I.grabCurrentUrl();
 console.log(`Current URL is [${url}]`);
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** current URL
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** current URL
 
 ### grabFromClipboard
 
@@ -822,7 +845,7 @@ let url = await I.grabFromClipboard();
 Reading the clipboard requires a secure context (`https` or `localhost`) and is supported
 in Chromium-based browsers, where read access is granted automatically.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** the system clipboard contents.
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** the system clipboard contents.
 
 ### grabHTMLFrom
 
@@ -837,9 +860,9 @@ let postHTML = await I.grabHTMLFrom('#post');
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `locator` &#x20;
-*   `element` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `element` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** HTML code for an element
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** HTML code for an element
 
 ### grabHTMLFromAll
 
@@ -853,9 +876,9 @@ let postHTMLs = await I.grabHTMLFromAll('.post');
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `locator` &#x20;
-*   `element` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `element` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[Array][15]<[string][3]>>** HTML code for an element
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[Array][17]<[string][5]>>** HTML code for an element
 
 ### grabNumberOfElements
 
@@ -868,9 +891,9 @@ let numOfElements = await I.grabNumberOfElements('p');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[number][8]>** number of matched elements.
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[number][10]>** number of matched elements.
 
 ### grabNumberOfVisibleElements
 
@@ -883,9 +906,9 @@ let numOfElements = await I.grabNumberOfVisibleElements('p');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[number][8]>** number of visible elements
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[number][10]>** number of visible elements
 
 ### grabPageScrollPosition
 
@@ -896,7 +919,7 @@ Resumes test execution, so **should be used inside an async function with `await
 let { x, y } = await I.grabPageScrollPosition();
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<PageScrollPosition>** scroll position
+Returns **[Promise][14]<PageScrollPosition>** scroll position
 
 ### grabRecordedNetworkTraffics
 
@@ -909,7 +932,7 @@ expect(traffics[0].response.status).to.equal(200);
 expect(traffics[0].response.body).to.contain({ name: 'this was mocked' });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Array][15]** recorded network traffics
+Returns **[Array][17]** recorded network traffics
 
 ### grabSource
 
@@ -920,7 +943,7 @@ Resumes test execution, so **should be used inside async function with `await`**
 let pageSource = await I.grabSource();
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** source code
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** source code
 
 ### grabTextFrom
 
@@ -935,9 +958,9 @@ If multiple elements found returns first element.
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** attribute value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** attribute value
 
 ### grabTextFromAll
 
@@ -950,9 +973,9 @@ let pins = await I.grabTextFromAll('#pin li');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[Array][15]<[string][3]>>** attribute value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[Array][17]<[string][5]>>** attribute value
 
 ### grabTitle
 
@@ -963,7 +986,7 @@ Resumes test execution, so **should be used inside async with `await`** operator
 let title = await I.grabTitle();
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** title
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** title
 
 ### grabValueFrom
 
@@ -977,9 +1000,9 @@ let email = await I.grabValueFrom('input[name=email]');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[string][3]>** attribute value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[string][5]>** attribute value
 
 ### grabValueFromAll
 
@@ -992,9 +1015,9 @@ let inputs = await I.grabValueFromAll('//form/input');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[Array][15]<[string][3]>>** attribute value
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[Array][17]<[string][5]>>** attribute value
 
 ### grabWebElement
 
@@ -1007,9 +1030,9 @@ const webElement = await I.grabWebElement('#button');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<CodeceptJS.WebElement>** WebElement of being used Web helper
+Returns **[Promise][14]<CodeceptJS.WebElement>** WebElement of being used Web helper
 
 ### grabWebElements
 
@@ -1022,9 +1045,9 @@ const webElements = await I.grabWebElements('#button');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[Array][15]<CodeceptJS.WebElement>>** WebElements of being used Web helper
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[Array][17]<CodeceptJS.WebElement>>** WebElements of being used Web helper
 
 ### pressKey
 
@@ -1037,7 +1060,7 @@ I.pressKey(['Control', 'a']);
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `key` **([string][3] | [Array][15]<[string][3]>)** a key or an array of keys to combine (modifiers first).
+*   `key` **([string][5] | [Array][17]<[string][5]>)** a key or an array of keys to combine (modifiers first).
 
 Returns **void** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1058,8 +1081,8 @@ First parameter can be set to `maximize`.
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `width` **[number][8]** width in pixels or `maximize`.
-*   `height` **[number][8]** height in pixels.
+*   `width` **[number][10]** width in pixels or `maximize`.
+*   `height` **[number][10]** height in pixels.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1078,8 +1101,8 @@ I.rightClick('Click me', '.context');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** clickable element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** clickable element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1094,8 +1117,8 @@ I.saveElementScreenshot(`#submit`,'debug.png');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `fileName` **[string][3]** file name to save.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `fileName` **[string][5]** file name to save.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1110,7 +1133,7 @@ I.saveScreenshot('debug.png');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `fileName` **[string][3]** file name to save.
+*   `fileName` **[string][5]** file name to save.
 
 Returns **void** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1146,9 +1169,9 @@ I.scrollTo('#submit', 5, 5);
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `offsetX` **[number][8]** (optional, `0` by default) X-axis offset. 
-*   `offsetY` **[number][8]** (optional, `0` by default) Y-axis offset. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `offsetX` **[number][10]** (optional, `0` by default) X-axis offset. 
+*   `offsetY` **[number][10]** (optional, `0` by default) Y-axis offset. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1165,8 +1188,8 @@ I.see('Register', {css: 'form.register'}); // use strict locator
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** expected on page.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS|Xpath|strict locator in which to search for text. 
+*   `text` **[string][5]** expected on page.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS|Xpath|strict locator in which to search for text. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1180,8 +1203,8 @@ I.seeAttributesOnElements('//form', { method: "post"});
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `attributes` **[object][4]** attributes and their values to check.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `attributes` **[object][6]** attributes and their values to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1198,7 +1221,7 @@ I.seeCheckboxIsChecked({css: '#signup_form input[type=checkbox]'});
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `locator` &#x20;
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1216,7 +1239,7 @@ in Chromium-based browsers, where read access is granted automatically.
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `text` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1230,7 +1253,7 @@ I.seeCookie('Auth');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `name` **[string][3]** cookie name.
+*   `name` **[string][5]** cookie name.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1244,8 +1267,8 @@ I.seeCssPropertiesOnElements('h3', { 'font-weight': "bold"});
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `cssProperties` **[object][4]** object with CSS properties and their values to check.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `cssProperties` **[object][6]** object with CSS properties and their values to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1261,7 +1284,7 @@ I.seeCurrentPathEquals('/'); // passes for '/', '/?user=ok', '/#top'
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `path` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `path` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1278,7 +1301,7 @@ I.seeCurrentUrlEquals('http://my.site.com/register');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `url` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `url` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1296,12 +1319,12 @@ I.seeElement('#modal', '#container');
 I.seeElement({role: 'dialog'});
 ```
 
-> ℹ️ ARIA role locators (`{role, name}`) match elements the way assistive technology does and survive markup refactors. See [Locators][7].
+> ℹ️ ARIA role locators (`{role, name}`) match elements the way assistive technology does and survive markup refactors. See [Locators][9].
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1316,7 +1339,7 @@ I.seeElementInDOM('#modal');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1334,7 +1357,7 @@ in Chromium-based browsers, where read access is granted automatically.
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `text` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1348,7 +1371,7 @@ I.seeInCurrentUrl('/register'); // we are on registration page
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `url` **[string][3]** a fragment to check
+*   `url` **[string][5]** a fragment to check
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1370,9 +1393,9 @@ I.seeInField('Name', 'John', '.form-container');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `value` **([string][3] | [object][4])** value to check.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `value` **([string][5] | [object][6])** value to check.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1386,7 +1409,7 @@ I.seeInSource('<h1>Green eggs &amp; ham</h1>');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** value to check.
+*   `text` **[string][5]** value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1400,7 +1423,7 @@ I.seeInTitle('Home Page');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** text value to check.
+*   `text` **[string][5]** text value to check.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1415,8 +1438,8 @@ I.seeNumberOfVisibleElements('.buttons', 3);
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `num` **[number][8]** number of elements.
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `num` **[number][10]** number of elements.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1453,13 +1476,13 @@ await I.seeTraffic({
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `opts` **[Object][4]** options when checking the traffic network.
+*   `opts` **[Object][6]** options when checking the traffic network.
 
-    *   `opts.name` **[string][3]** A name of that request. Can be any value. Only relevant to have a more meaningful error message in case of fail.
-    *   `opts.url` **[string][3]** Expected URL of request in network traffic
-    *   `opts.parameters` **[Object][4]?** Expected parameters of that request in network traffic
-    *   `opts.requestPostData` **[Object][4]?** Expected that request contains post data in network traffic
-    *   `opts.timeout` **[number][8]?** Timeout to wait for request in seconds. Default is 10 seconds.
+    *   `opts.name` **[string][5]** A name of that request. Can be any value. Only relevant to have a more meaningful error message in case of fail.
+    *   `opts.url` **[string][5]** Expected URL of request in network traffic
+    *   `opts.parameters` **[Object][6]?** Expected parameters of that request in network traffic
+    *   `opts.requestPostData` **[Object][6]?** Expected that request contains post data in network traffic
+    *   `opts.timeout` **[number][10]?** Timeout to wait for request in seconds. Default is 10 seconds.
 
 Returns **void** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1490,9 +1513,9 @@ I.selectOption('Which OS do you use?', ['Android', 'iOS']);
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `select` **([string][3] | [object][4])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `option` **([string][3] | [Array][15]<any>)** visible text or value of option.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `select` **([string][5] | [object][6])** field located by label|name|CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `option` **([string][5] | [Array][17]<any>)** visible text or value of option.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1514,7 +1537,7 @@ I.setCookie([
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `cookie` **(Cookie | [Array][15]<Cookie>)** a cookie object or array of cookie objects.
+*   `cookie` **(Cookie | [Array][17]<Cookie>)** a cookie object or array of cookie objects.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1540,7 +1563,7 @@ I.startScreencast();
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[object][4]?** `{ maxWidth, maxHeight, quality, everyNthFrame }` 
+*   `options` **[object][6]?** `{ maxWidth, maxHeight, quality, everyNthFrame }` 
 
 Returns **void** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1562,15 +1585,15 @@ const video = await I.stopScreencast();
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[object][4]?** `{ lastFrameDelayMs }`: how long the last frame is shown, in milliseconds (1000 by default). 
+*   `options` **[object][6]?** `{ lastFrameDelayMs }`: how long the last frame is shown, in milliseconds (1000 by default). 
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<([Buffer][16] | null)>** APNG data, or `null` if no frames were recorded.
+Returns **[Promise][14]<([Buffer][18] | null)>** APNG data, or `null` if no frames were recorded.
 
 ### type
 
 Types out the given text into an active field.
 To slow down typing use a second parameter, to set interval between key presses.
-*Note:* Should be used when [`fillField`][17] is not an option.
+*Note:* Should be used when [`fillField`][19] is not an option.
 
 ```js
 // passing in a string
@@ -1589,8 +1612,8 @@ I.type(secret('123456'));
 #### Parameters
 
 *   `keys` &#x20;
-*   `delay` **[number][8]?** (optional) delay in ms between key presses 
-*   `key` **([string][3] | [Array][15]<[string][3]>)** or array of keys to type.
+*   `delay` **[number][10]?** (optional) delay in ms between key presses 
+*   `key` **([string][5] | [Array][17]<[string][5]>)** or array of keys to type.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1609,8 +1632,8 @@ I.uncheckOption('agree', '//form');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `field` **([string][3] | [object][4])** checkbox located by label | name | CSS | XPath | strict locator.
-*   `context` **([string][3]? | [object][4])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
+*   `field` **([string][5] | [object][6])** checkbox located by label | name | CSS | XPath | strict locator.
+*   `context` **([string][5]? | [object][6])** (optional, `null` by default) element located by CSS | XPath | strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.ElementStepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1624,7 +1647,7 @@ I.wait(2); // wait 2 secs
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** number of second to wait.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** number of second to wait.
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1639,8 +1662,8 @@ I.waitCurrentPathEquals('/info', 5);
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `path` **[string][3]** value to check.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]?** (optional, `waitForTimeout` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `path` **[string][5]** value to check.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]?** (optional, `waitForTimeout` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **void** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1654,8 +1677,8 @@ I.waitForCookie("token");
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `name` **[string][3]** expected cookie name.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `3` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `name` **[string][5]** expected cookie name.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `3` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1670,8 +1693,8 @@ I.waitForDetached('#popup');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1687,8 +1710,8 @@ I.waitForElement('.btn.continue', 5); // wait for 5 secs
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]?** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]?** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1709,9 +1732,9 @@ I.waitForFunction((count) => window.requests == count, [3], 5) // pass args and
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `fn` **([string][3] | [function][11])** to be executed in browser context.
-*   `argsOrSec` **([Array][15]<any> | [number][8])?** (optional, `1` by default) arguments for function or seconds. 
-*   `sec` **[number][8]?** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `fn` **([string][5] | [function][13])** to be executed in browser context.
+*   `argsOrSec` **([Array][17]<any> | [number][10])?** (optional, `1` by default) arguments for function or seconds. 
+*   `sec` **[number][10]?** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1726,8 +1749,8 @@ I.waitForInvisible('#popup');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1744,9 +1767,9 @@ I.waitForText('Thank you, form has been submitted', 5, '#modal');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `text` **[string][3]** to wait for.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
-*   `context` **([string][3] | [object][4])?** (optional) element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. 
+*   `text` **[string][5]** to wait for.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `context` **([string][5] | [object][6])?** (optional) element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator. 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1761,8 +1784,8 @@ I.waitForVisible('#popup');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1776,8 +1799,8 @@ I.waitInUrl('/info', 2);
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `urlPart` **[string][3]** value to check.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `urlPart` **[string][5]** value to check.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1792,8 +1815,8 @@ I.waitToHide('#popup');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `locator` **([string][3] | [object][4])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `locator` **([string][5] | [object][6])** element located by CSS|XPath|strict locator.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1808,8 +1831,8 @@ I.waitUrlEquals('http://127.0.0.1:8000/info');
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `urlPart` **[string][3]** value to check.
-*   `sec` **[number][8]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
+*   `urlPart` **[string][5]** value to check.
+*   `sec` **[number][10]** (optional, `1` by default) time in seconds to wait 
 
 Returns **CodeceptJS.StepPromise** automatically synchronized promise through #recorder
 
@@ -1825,7 +1848,7 @@ Picks a free TCP port on 127.0.0.1 by briefly listening on port 0 and reading ba
 OS-assigned port. Used when `options.port` isn't explicitly set, so multiple `run-workers`
 workers never collide on the same port.
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[number][8]>** a free port.
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[number][10]>** a free port.
 
 ### _manageServer
 
@@ -1844,8 +1867,8 @@ never spawns or kills anything. Otherwise the helper becomes SELF-MANAGED and th
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `config` **[object][4]** the config object the helper was constructed with.
-*   `server` **[object][4]** the server descriptor described above.
+*   `config` **[object][6]** the config object the helper was constructed with.
+*   `server` **[object][6]** the server descriptor described above.
 
 ### _probeUp
 
@@ -1853,9 +1876,9 @@ Probes a `/json/version`-style URL with a short timeout, used for the courtesy-a
 
 #### Parameters
 
-*   `url` **[string][3]**&#x20;
+*   `url` **[string][5]**&#x20;
 
-Returns **[Promise][12]<[boolean][18]>** true if the URL answered.
+Returns **[Promise][14]<[boolean][20]>** true if the URL answered.
 
 ### _resolveBinary
 
@@ -1864,7 +1887,7 @@ descriptor's environment variable, then its name on `PATH`. The `PATH` lookup wa
 directories itself instead of shelling out to `which`, which does not exist on Windows: on
 Windows every `PATHEXT` suffix is tried, so a `.exe` on `PATH` is found too.
 
-Returns **([string][3] | null)** an absolute or relative path to the binary, or null if none resolved.
+Returns **([string][5] | null)** an absolute or relative path to the binary, or null if none resolved.
 
 ### _resolveSelfManaged
 
@@ -1886,38 +1909,42 @@ elapses. The process typically comes up within tens of milliseconds — a 20ms r
 keeps the wasted tail after the server is actually ready small, since this cost is paid once
 per run and counts directly toward real-world startup latency.
 
-[1]: https://developers.cloudflare.com/browser-run/
+[1]: https://github.com/cloudflare/kitesurf
+
+[2]: https://github.com/cloudflare/kitesurf#run-locally
+
+[3]: https://developers.cloudflare.com/browser-run/
 
-[2]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/kitesurf/
+[4]: https://blog.cloudflare.com/kitesurf/
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/focus
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/focus
 
-[6]: https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-locator#locator-blur
+[8]: https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-locator#locator-blur
 
-[7]: /locators#aria-locators
+[9]: /locators#aria-locators
 
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp
+[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp
 
-[10]: https://vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-nextTick
+[12]: https://vuejs.org/v2/api/#Vue-nextTick
 
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
+[13]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
 
-[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
+[14]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
-[13]: https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-locator#locator-focus
+[15]: https://playwright.dev/docs/api/class-locator#locator-focus
 
-[14]: https://playwright.dev/docs/aria-snapshots
+[16]: https://playwright.dev/docs/aria-snapshots
 
-[15]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
+[17]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
 
-[16]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[18]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
 
-[17]: #fillfield
+[19]: #fillfield
 
-[18]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[20]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
diff --git a/examples/bench/README.md b/examples/bench/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76c9de55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/bench/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Engine benchmark
+
+Runs `bench_test.js` (10 scenarios: navigation, clicks, forms, a short wait) against each engine and reports the median wall-clock time of the whole `codecept run`, engine startup included.
+
+## Run
+
+Start the test app from the repository root:
+
+```sh
+php -S 127.0.0.1:8000 -t test/data/app
+```
+
+Kitesurf is not started by the helper. Build and start it following the [Kitesurf README](https://github.com/cloudflare/kitesurf#run-locally) and point `KITESURF_ENDPOINT` at it.
+
+```sh
+cd examples/bench
+node run-bench.mjs
+```
+
+| Variable | Default | |
+|---|---|---|
+| `BENCH_RUNS` | `3` | runs per engine |
+| `BENCH_ENGINES` | all | comma-separated subset, e.g. `Moli,Kitesurf` |
+| `SITE_URL` | `http://127.0.0.1:8000` | test app |
+| `KITESURF_ENDPOINT` | `http://127.0.0.1:8787` | local Kitesurf engine |
+| `OBSCURA_PATH`, `LIGHTPANDA_PATH`, `MOLI_PATH` | `PATH` lookup | engine binaries |
+
+## Results
+
+2026-11-15, Linux x86_64, 5–7 runs per engine. Obscura 0.2.4, Lightpanda 1.0.0, Moli 1.1.17, Kitesurf 2026.11.9 (local `wrangler dev`), Playwright Chromium.
+
+| Engine | Median run | vs Playwright | Typical scenario | Peak engine memory |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| Lightpanda | 1.34 s | 4.2x faster | 10–50 ms | 31 MB |
+| Moli | 1.45 s | 3.9x faster | 25–60 ms | 66 MB |
+| Obscura | 1.55 s | 3.7x faster | 40–75 ms | 47 MB |
+| Playwright | 5.65 s | 1.0x | 250 ms–1.3 s | 1.3 GB |
+| Kitesurf | 5.99 s | 0.94x | 300–900 ms | 1.7 GB |
+
+The Kitesurf time excludes its engine startup (about 25 s cold for `wrangler dev`), since the helper attaches to a running engine.
+
+Raw CDP timings, with CodeceptJS out of the loop:
+
+| | Kitesurf | Moli |
+|---|---|---|
+| `Page.navigate` until `load` | ~215 ms | ~8 ms |
+| navigate to `data:text/html,<p>hi</p>` | ~200 ms | — |
+| `Runtime.evaluate` reading the DOM | 15–35 ms | 2–5 ms |
+| `Runtime.evaluate('1+1')` | 0.6 ms | 0.5 ms |
+
+Kitesurf starts a fresh isolated page worker on every `Page.navigate` and runs page JavaScript in Boa compiled to WebAssembly, so each navigation has a fixed cost of about 200 ms regardless of the page. Cloudflare Browser Run was not measured.
+
+## Feature coverage
+
+Shared `test/helper/webapi.js` suite on CI. 49 skips are common to all CDP engines (iframes, tabs, popups); the last column counts the rest.
+
+| Engine | Passed | Skipped | Engine-specific skips | Main gaps |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| Moli | 282 | 59 | ~10 | screenshots, coordinate clicks, upload MIME type |
+| Kitesurf | 265 | 71 | ~21 | Quill/Trix/ACE editors, upload, clipboard, Base UI radio |
+| Lightpanda | 262 | 79 | ~30 | screenshots, scrolling, coordinate clicks, CSS, clipboard, editors |
+| Obscura | 253 | 85 | ~34 | upload, clipboard, focus/blur, nested shadow DOM, multi-select, editors |
diff --git a/examples/bench/codecept.kitesurf.bench.js b/examples/bench/codecept.kitesurf.bench.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce31248d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/bench/codecept.kitesurf.bench.js
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+export const config = {
+  tests: './bench_test.js',
+  output: './output',
+  timeout: 30,
+  helpers: {
+    Kitesurf: {
+      url: process.env.SITE_URL || 'http://127.0.0.1:8000',
+      endpoint: process.env.KITESURF_ENDPOINT || 'http://127.0.0.1:8787',
+    },
+  },
+  mocha: {},
+  name: 'bench-kitesurf',
+}
diff --git a/examples/bench/codecept.lightpanda.bench.js b/examples/bench/codecept.lightpanda.bench.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b09fbec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/bench/codecept.lightpanda.bench.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export const config = {
+  tests: './bench_test.js',
+  output: './output',
+  timeout: 30,
+  helpers: {
+    Lightpanda: {
+      url: process.env.SITE_URL || 'http://127.0.0.1:8000',
+    },
+  },
+  mocha: {},
+  name: 'bench-lightpanda',
+}
diff --git a/examples/bench/codecept.moli.bench.js b/examples/bench/codecept.moli.bench.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86461cbcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/bench/codecept.moli.bench.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+export const config = {
+  tests: './bench_test.js',
+  output: './output',
+  timeout: 30,
+  helpers: {
+    Moli: {
+      url: process.env.SITE_URL || 'http://127.0.0.1:8000',
+    },
+  },
+  mocha: {},
+  name: 'bench-moli',
+}
diff --git a/examples/bench/run-bench.mjs b/examples/bench/run-bench.mjs
index b7f49065f..71dfec436 100755
--- a/examples/bench/run-bench.mjs
+++ b/examples/bench/run-bench.mjs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
-// Runs the bench_test.js scenario suite N times against each engine's config, timing the whole
+// Runs the bench_test.js scenario suite N times against each engine's config (BENCH_ENGINES=Moli,Kitesurf to pick), timing the whole
 // `codecept run` process wall-clock (helper/browser startup included, since that is part of
 // real-world speed) and reporting the median per engine plus the ratio between them.
 import { spawnSync } from 'child_process'
@@ -13,10 +13,15 @@ const codeceptBin = join(repoRoot, 'bin', 'codecept.js')
 const RUNS = Number(process.env.BENCH_RUNS || 3)
 const SITE_URL = process.env.SITE_URL || 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
 
-const engines = [
-  { name: 'Obscura', config: 'codecept.obscura.bench.js' },
+const allEngines = [
   { name: 'Playwright', config: 'codecept.playwright.bench.js' },
+  { name: 'Obscura', config: 'codecept.obscura.bench.js' },
+  { name: 'Lightpanda', config: 'codecept.lightpanda.bench.js' },
+  { name: 'Moli', config: 'codecept.moli.bench.js' },
+  { name: 'Kitesurf', config: 'codecept.kitesurf.bench.js' },
 ]
+const selected = (process.env.BENCH_ENGINES || '').split(',').filter(Boolean)
+const engines = allEngines.filter(e => !selected.length || selected.includes(e.name))
 
 function median(nums) {
   const sorted = [...nums].sort((a, b) => a - b)
@@ -65,24 +70,21 @@ async function main() {
       console.log(`  run ${i}: ${elapsed}ms`)
       times.push(elapsed)
     }
-    if (!times.length) {
-      console.error(`  no successful runs for ${engine.name}`)
-      process.exit(1)
-    }
-    results[engine.name] = { times, median: median(times) }
+    if (times.length) results[engine.name] = { times, median: median(times) }
   }
 
   console.log('\n=== Summary ===')
+  const baseline = results.Playwright && results.Playwright.median
   for (const engine of engines) {
     const r = results[engine.name]
-    console.log(`${engine.name}: median ${r.median}ms  (runs: ${r.times.join(', ')}ms)`)
+    if (!r) {
+      console.log(`${engine.name}: no successful runs`)
+      continue
+    }
+    let line = `${engine.name}: median ${r.median}ms  (runs: ${r.times.join(', ')}ms)`
+    if (baseline) line += `  ${(baseline / r.median).toFixed(2)}x vs Playwright`
+    console.log(line)
   }
-
-  const playwrightMedian = results.Playwright.median
-  const obscuraMedian = results.Obscura.median
-  const ratio = playwrightMedian / obscuraMedian
-  console.log(`\nRatio (Playwright median / Obscura median): ${ratio.toFixed(2)}x`)
-  console.log(ratio >= 2 ? 'GATE MET: Obscura is at least 2x faster than Playwright.' : 'GATE NOT MET: Obscura is less than 2x faster than Playwright.')
 }
 
 main()
diff --git a/lib/helper/Kitesurf.js b/lib/helper/Kitesurf.js
index 53936f60f..92d776ae8 100644
--- a/lib/helper/Kitesurf.js
+++ b/lib/helper/Kitesurf.js
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import CDPBrowser from './CDPBrowser.js'
  * @typedef KitesurfConfig
  * @type {object}
  * @prop {string} [url=http://localhost] - base URL for tests
+ * @prop {string} [endpoint] - CDP endpoint of a Kitesurf engine you run yourself, e.g. `http://127.0.0.1:8787` for a local `pnpm run dev`. When set, the helper connects to it directly and does not use Cloudflare Browser Run.
+ * @prop {object} [headers] - headers sent when connecting to `endpoint`, e.g. `CF-Access-Client-Id` and `CF-Access-Client-Secret` for an engine behind Cloudflare Access.
  * @prop {string} [accountId] - Cloudflare account ID; defaults to CF_ACCOUNT_ID env var
  * @prop {string} [apiToken] - Cloudflare API token; defaults to CF_API_TOKEN env var
  * @prop {number} [keepAlive=240000] - session keep-alive time in milliseconds
@@ -19,17 +21,40 @@ import CDPBrowser from './CDPBrowser.js'
 const config = {}
 
 /**
- * Kitesurf is a cloud browser helper that extends CDPBrowser to run tests against
- * Cloudflare's Browser Run service (Kitesurf browser). It automates real browser
- * sessions in Cloudflare's cloud infrastructure, eliminating the need to manage
- * local browser instances.
+ * Kitesurf drives [Kitesurf](https://github.com/cloudflare/kitesurf), Cloudflare's open-source
+ * browser engine that runs on Cloudflare Workers, over the Chrome DevTools Protocol.
  *
- * **Status:** Beta
+ * **Status:** Experimental
  *
- * ## Requirements
+ * The helper connects in one of two ways:
  *
- * - Cloudflare account with Browser Run enabled
- * - API token with **Browser Rendering Edit** permission
+ * - **Engine you run** — set `endpoint` to a Kitesurf engine started locally with `pnpm run dev`
+ *   (`http://127.0.0.1:8787`) or deployed to your own account. The helper only connects; it never
+ *   starts or stops the engine.
+ * - **Cloudflare Browser Run** — leave `endpoint` unset and provide `accountId` and `apiToken`.
+ *   Every test run opens a cloud session and closes it after the last test.
+ *
+ * ## Local engine
+ *
+ * Build and start the engine following the [Kitesurf README](https://github.com/cloudflare/kitesurf#run-locally),
+ * then point the helper at it:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * // codecept.conf.js
+ * {
+ *   helpers: {
+ *     Kitesurf: {
+ *       url: 'http://localhost:3000',
+ *       endpoint: 'http://127.0.0.1:8787',
+ *     }
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Cloudflare Browser Run
+ *
+ * Requires a Cloudflare account with Browser Run enabled and an API token with
+ * **Browser Rendering Edit** permission.
  *
  * ## Setup
  *
@@ -46,8 +71,6 @@ const config = {}
  * - [Cloudflare Browser Run Developers Docs](https://developers.cloudflare.com/browser-run/)
  * - [Cloudflare Blog - Kitesurf Announcement](https://blog.cloudflare.com/kitesurf/)
  *
- * ## Example
- *
  * ```js
  * // codecept.conf.js
  * {
@@ -86,10 +109,12 @@ class Kitesurf extends CDPBrowser {
     })
     this.options.accountId = this.options.accountId || process.env.CF_ACCOUNT_ID
     this.options.apiToken = this.options.apiToken || process.env.CF_API_TOKEN
+    this.selfHosted = Boolean(config && config.endpoint)
     this.cloudSessionId = null
   }
 
   async _resolveEndpoint() {
+    if (this.selfHosted) return super._resolveEndpoint()
     if (!this.options.accountId || !this.options.apiToken) {
       throw new Error('Kitesurf requires accountId and apiToken (or CF_ACCOUNT_ID / CF_API_TOKEN env vars)')
     }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 5bea49316..48ecd6933 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
     "test:unit:webbapi:obscura": "mocha test/helper/CDPBrowser_obscura_test.js --timeout 30000",
     "test:unit:webbapi:lightpanda": "mocha test/helper/CDPBrowser_lightpanda_test.js --timeout 30000",
     "test:unit:webbapi:moli": "mocha test/helper/CDPBrowser_moli_test.js --timeout 30000",
+    "test:unit:webbapi:kitesurf": "mocha test/helper/CDPBrowser_kitesurf_test.js --timeout 30000",
     "test:unit:expect": "mocha test/helper/Expect_test.js",
     "test:plugin": "mocha test/plugin/plugin_test.js",
     "def": "bunosh def",
diff --git a/test/acceptance/codecept.Kitesurf.js b/test/acceptance/codecept.Kitesurf.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..265c20971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/acceptance/codecept.Kitesurf.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import TestHelper from '../support/TestHelper.js'
+import installCodeceptjs from '../support/install-codeceptjs.js'
+
+export const config = {
+  tests: './*_test.js',
+  timeout: 10,
+  output: './output',
+  grep: '@Kitesurf',
+  helpers: {
+    Kitesurf: {
+      url: TestHelper.siteUrl(),
+      endpoint: process.env.KITESURF_ENDPOINT || 'http://127.0.0.1:8787',
+    },
+    ScreenshotSessionHelper: {
+      require: '../support/ScreenshotSessionHelper.js',
+      outputPath: 'test/acceptance/output',
+    },
+    '@codeceptjs/expect-helper': {},
+  },
+  include: {},
+  bootstrap: installCodeceptjs,
+  mocha: {},
+  plugins: {
+    retryFailedStep: {
+      enabled: true,
+    },
+  },
+  name: 'acceptance',
+  gherkin: {
+    features: './gherkin/*.feature',
+    steps: ['./gherkin/steps.js'],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/test/acceptance/config_test.js b/test/acceptance/config_test.js
index bfa7216a5..3680875da 100644
--- a/test/acceptance/config_test.js
+++ b/test/acceptance/config_test.js
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
 Feature('Dynamic Config').config({ url: 'https://google.com' })
 
-Scenario('change config 1 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('change config 1 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/')
   I.dontSeeInCurrentUrl('github.com')
   I.seeInCurrentUrl('google.com')
 })
 
-Scenario('change config 2 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('change config 2 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/')
   I.seeInCurrentUrl('codecept.io')
 }).config({ url: 'https://codecept.io' })
 
-Scenario('change config 3 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('change config 3 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/')
   I.dontSeeInCurrentUrl('codecept.io')
   I.seeInCurrentUrl('google.com')
 })
 
-Scenario('change config 4 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('change config 4 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/')
   I.seeInCurrentUrl('codecept.io')
 }).config(test => {
   return { url: 'https://codecept.io/', capabilities: { 'moz:title': test.title } }
 })
 
-Scenario('change config 5 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('change config 5 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/')
   I.dontSeeInCurrentUrl('codecept.io')
   I.seeInCurrentUrl('google.com')
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ Scenario('make API call and check response @Playwright', ({ I }) => {
   I.seeResponseCodeIsSuccessful()
 })
 
-Scenario('change config 6 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('change config 6 @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/')
   I.seeInCurrentUrl('codecept.io')
 }).config({ url: 'https://codecept.io' })
 
-Scenario('simple page test @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('simple page test @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('https://example.com')
   I.seeInTitle('Example Domain')
 })
diff --git a/test/acceptance/forms_test.js b/test/acceptance/forms_test.js
index 85ce1399d..1624012d1 100644
--- a/test/acceptance/forms_test.js
+++ b/test/acceptance/forms_test.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 Feature('Form filling')
 
-Scenario('fill a field by label and submit, then see the posted value @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('fill a field by label and submit, then see the posted value @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/form/field')
   I.fillField('Name', 'Alice Example')
   I.click('Submit')
   I.see('[name] => Alice Example')
 })
 
-Scenario('check a checkbox by its label and submit @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('check a checkbox by its label and submit @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/form/checkbox')
   I.checkOption('I Agree')
   I.seeCheckboxIsChecked('#checkin')
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Scenario('check a checkbox by its label and submit @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @P
   I.see('[terms] => agree')
 })
 
-Scenario('select an option, read the value back, then submit @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Playwright @Puppeteer', async ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('select an option, read the value back, then submit @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf @Playwright @Puppeteer', async ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/form/select')
   I.selectOption('Select your age', '13-21')
   const value = await I.grabValueFrom('#age')
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Scenario('select an option, read the value back, then submit @Obscura @Lightpand
   I.see('[age] => teenage')
 })
 
-Scenario('fill several fields on a multi-field form and submit @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('fill several fields on a multi-field form and submit @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/form/complex')
   I.fillField('Name', 'Bob Multi')
   I.fillField('Description', 'a multi-field submission')
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Scenario('fill several fields on a multi-field form and submit @Obscura @Lightpa
   I.see('[age] => adult')
 })
 
-Scenario('clear and append a pre-filled field @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('clear and append a pre-filled field @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf @Playwright @Puppeteer', ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/form/field')
   I.seeInField('#name', 'OLD_VALUE')
   I.clearField('#name')
diff --git a/test/acceptance/within_test.js b/test/acceptance/within_test.js
index bed721832..c0734cd13 100644
--- a/test/acceptance/within_test.js
+++ b/test/acceptance/within_test.js
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Scenario('within on nested iframe depth 2 and mixed class and xpath selector @We
   I.dontSee('Email Address')
 })
 
-Scenario('should throw exception if element not found @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli', async ({ I }) => {
+Scenario('should throw exception if element not found @WebDriverIO @Puppeteer @Playwright @Obscura @Lightpanda @Moli @Kitesurf', async ({ I }) => {
   I.amOnPage('/form/textarea')
   await within('#grab-multiple', async () => {
     return await I.grabTextFrom('#first-link')
diff --git a/test/helper/CDPBrowser_kitesurf_test.js b/test/helper/CDPBrowser_kitesurf_test.js
index f51638f7d..45f80ceb0 100644
--- a/test/helper/CDPBrowser_kitesurf_test.js
+++ b/test/helper/CDPBrowser_kitesurf_test.js
@@ -3,60 +3,99 @@ import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'
 import { dirname } from 'path'
 import { expect } from 'chai'
 import Kitesurf from '../../lib/helper/Kitesurf.js'
+import TestHelper from '../support/TestHelper.js'
 import * as webApiTests from './webapi.js'
 
 const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)
 const __dirname = dirname(__filename)
 
+const siteUrl = TestHelper.siteUrl()
+const endpoint = process.env.KITESURF_ENDPOINT || 'http://127.0.0.1:8787'
 let I
-const isTunnel = Boolean(process.env.SITE_URL && !process.env.SITE_URL.includes('127.0.0.1'))
-const siteUrl = isTunnel ? process.env.SITE_URL : 'https://example.com'
 
-describe('Kitesurf helper (Cloudflare Browser Run beta)', function () {
-  this.timeout(120000)
+const isUp = url =>
+  fetch(url).then(
+    res => res.ok,
+    () => false,
+  )
+
+describe('Kitesurf helper (local engine)', function () {
+  this.timeout(35000)
 
   before(async function () {
     global.codecept_dir = path.join(__dirname, '/../data')
-    if (!process.env.CF_ACCOUNT_ID || !process.env.CF_API_TOKEN) this.skip()
-    I = new Kitesurf({ url: siteUrl })
-    await I._init()
+
+    for (const url of [`${siteUrl}/info`, `${endpoint}/json/version`]) {
+      if (await isUp(url)) continue
+      const msg = `${url} is not reachable — ALL Kitesurf tests will be skipped.\n  Start the test app:  php -S 127.0.0.1:8000 -t test/data/app\n  Start Kitesurf:      pnpm run dev (in a cloudflare/kitesurf checkout)`
+      console.log(`\n  ⚠ ${msg}\n`)
+      if (!process.env.CI) this.skip()
+      throw new Error(msg)
+    }
+
+    I = new Kitesurf({ url: siteUrl, endpoint })
+    await I._connect()
     webApiTests.init({ I, siteUrl })
   })
 
   after(async () => I && I._finishTest())
-  beforeEach(async function () {
-    if (!I) this.skip()
-    await I._before()
+  beforeEach(async () => I._before())
+  afterEach(async () => I._after())
+
+  it('attaches to the endpoint without Cloudflare credentials', async () => {
+    expect(I.selfHosted).to.equal(true)
+    expect(I.cloudSessionId).to.equal(null)
   })
-  afterEach(async () => I && I._after())
 
-  it('opens a public page, asserts text and title', async () => {
-    await I.amOnPage('https://example.com')
-    await I.see('Example Domain')
-    await I.seeInTitle('Example Domain')
-    expect(I.capabilities.layout).to.equal('real')
+  it('clicks by link text and asserts after navigation', async () => {
+    await I.amOnPage('/')
+    await I.click('More info')
+    await I.seeInCurrentUrl('/info')
+    await I.see('Information')
   })
 
-  it('clicks a link by text using CDP input', async () => {
-    await I.amOnPage('https://example.com')
-    await I.click('More information...')
-    await I.waitInUrl('iana', 15)
+  webApiTests.tests()
+})
+
+describe('Kitesurf helper config', () => {
+  it('uses Cloudflare Browser Run when no endpoint is set', async () => {
+    const helper = new Kitesurf({ url: siteUrl })
+    helper.options.accountId = ''
+    helper.options.apiToken = ''
+    expect(helper.selfHosted).to.equal(false)
+    try {
+      await helper._resolveEndpoint()
+      throw new Error('should have thrown')
+    } catch (err) {
+      expect(err.message).to.include('Kitesurf requires accountId and apiToken')
+    }
   })
 
-  it('fills a public form by label and submits', async () => {
-    await I.amOnPage('https://httpbin.org/forms/post')
-    await I.fillField('Customer name', 'Kitesurf Tester')
-    await I.checkOption('Bacon')
-    await I.click('Submit order')
-    await I.waitInUrl('/post', 20)
-    await I.see('Kitesurf Tester')
-    await I.see('bacon')
+  it('connects to an explicit endpoint', () => {
+    const helper = new Kitesurf({ url: siteUrl, endpoint: 'http://127.0.0.1:8787' })
+    expect(helper.selfHosted).to.equal(true)
+    expect(helper.options.endpoint).to.equal('http://127.0.0.1:8787')
   })
+})
+
+describe('Kitesurf helper (Cloudflare Browser Run)', function () {
+  this.timeout(120000)
+  let cloud
 
-  it('takes a real screenshot', async () => {
-    await I.amOnPage('https://example.com')
-    await I.saveScreenshot('kitesurf_helper.png')
+  before(async function () {
+    global.codecept_dir = path.join(__dirname, '/../data')
+    if (!process.env.CF_ACCOUNT_ID || !process.env.CF_API_TOKEN) this.skip()
+    cloud = new Kitesurf({ url: 'https://example.com' })
+    await cloud._init()
   })
 
-  if (isTunnel) webApiTests.tests()
+  after(async () => cloud && cloud._finishTest())
+  beforeEach(async () => cloud._before())
+  afterEach(async () => cloud._after())
+
+  it('opens a public page, asserts text and title', async () => {
+    await cloud.amOnPage('https://example.com')
+    await cloud.see('Example Domain')
+    await cloud.seeInTitle('Example Domain')
+  })
 })
diff --git a/test/helper/webapi.js b/test/helper/webapi.js
index 08b8138f1..99f4811dd 100644
--- a/test/helper/webapi.js
+++ b/test/helper/webapi.js
@@ -592,6 +592,7 @@ export function tests() {
 
         it('checks a radio by its label', async function () {
           if (page === 'baseui' && isHelper('Obscura')) this.skip()
+          if (page === 'baseui' && isHelper('Kitesurf')) this.skip() // Base UI's radio group never unchecks the previous radio on Kitesurf (verified: after checking Comfortable, Default still reports aria-checked="true")
           await open(page)
           await I.dontSeeCheckboxIsChecked('Comfortable')
 
@@ -863,7 +864,8 @@ export function tests() {
       await I.seeInField('#name1', 'old1')
     })
 
-    it('should attach file within context', async () => {
+    it('should attach file within context', async function () {
+      if (isHelper('Kitesurf')) this.skip() // Kitesurf does not implement DOM.setFileInputFiles (verified: input.files.length stays 0 after attachFile)
       await I.amOnPage('/form/context')
       await I.attachFile('Avatar', 'app/avatar.jpg', '#area2')
       const val2 = await I.executeScript(() => document.getElementById('file2').files.length)
@@ -962,6 +964,7 @@ export function tests() {
     beforeEach(async function () {
       if (isHelper('Obscura')) this.skip() // Obscura's navigator.clipboard is a stub: writeText() resolves but stores nothing, so readText() always returns '' (verified: a write/read round trip inside one evaluate reads back an empty string)
       if (isHelper('Lightpanda')) this.skip() // navigator.clipboard is unavailable on Lightpanda (verified: the page reports no Clipboard API, even on a loopback origin)
+      if (isHelper('Kitesurf')) this.skip() // Kitesurf hardcodes window.isSecureContext to false, so navigator.clipboard is undefined even on a loopback origin (verified)
       await I.amOnPage('/form/clipboard')
       await I.clearClipboard()
     })
@@ -1124,14 +1127,14 @@ export function tests() {
     //   reason above, this isn't listed separately.
     const editors = [
       { name: 'ProseMirror',    page: 'prosemirror',    selector: '#editor', skip: { Obscura: "the DOM does show the new text and it isn't reverted (confirmed directly), but ProseMirror's own MutationObserver-based DOMObserver reconciliation never updates its internal model (view.state.doc, which the submit handler reads from) from a synthetic mutation on Obscura — tried both a blunt textContent replace and a surgical Range-based delete+insert, neither reaches the model; the same code path updates the model correctly on Chrome" } },
-      { name: 'Quill',          page: 'quill',          selector: '#editor' },
+      { name: 'Quill',          page: 'quill',          selector: '#editor', skip: { Kitesurf: 'new Quill() throws "TypeError: I.import is not a function", so the editor never signals ready (verified)' } },
       { name: 'CKEditor 5',     page: 'ckeditor5',      selector: '#editor', skip: { CDPBrowser: 'needs event.getTargetRanges() to place the insertion — a native, non-forgeable API a synthetic InputEvent cannot populate; its beforeinput handler correctly recognizes and preventDefault()s the event but then inserts nothing' } },
-      { name: 'TinyMCE inline', page: 'tinymce-modern', selector: '#editor', skip: { Obscura: 'editor never signals ready (bundle loads, init never completes, no console error)', Lightpanda: 'editor never signals ready within 30s' } },
+      { name: 'TinyMCE inline', page: 'tinymce-modern', selector: '#editor', skip: { Obscura: 'editor never signals ready (bundle loads, init never completes, no console error)', Lightpanda: 'editor never signals ready within 30s' }, skipTests: { 'rewrites pre-populated content': { Kitesurf: 'when the editable div already holds text, TinyMCE registers the editor but its init event never fires (verified: the content stays raw instead of being wrapped in <p>; an empty div inits normally)' } } },
       { name: 'CodeMirror 6',   page: 'codemirror6',    selector: '#editor' },
-      { name: 'Trix',           page: 'trix',           selector: 'trix-editor', skip: { Obscura: 'editor never signals ready (bundle loads, init never completes, no console error)', Lightpanda: 'editor never signals ready within 30s' } },
+      { name: 'Trix',           page: 'trix',           selector: 'trix-editor', skip: { Obscura: 'editor never signals ready (bundle loads, init never completes, no console error)', Lightpanda: 'editor never signals ready within 30s', Kitesurf: '<trix-editor> is defined but never gets its .editor: the custom element is not upgraded' } },
       { name: 'Summernote',     page: 'summernote',     selector: '#editor' },
       { name: 'Monaco',         page: 'monaco',         selector: '#editor', skip: { Obscura: 'editor never signals ready (bundle loads, init never completes, no console error)', Lightpanda: 'editor never signals ready within 30s' }, skipTests: { 'rewrites pre-populated content': { CDPBrowser: 'Monaco keeps cursor/selection state in its own internal model, not reflected in its hidden input-capture <textarea> (which stays empty even with pre-populated content) — a DOM-level select-all has nothing to select, so new text is inserted into the model rather than replacing it' } } },
-      { name: 'ACE',            page: 'ace',            selector: '#editor', skipTests: { 'rewrites pre-populated content': { Obscura: "ACE keeps cursor/selection state in its own internal model like Monaco, but reaches it via the browser's real execCommand-driven selection-replace on Chrome; execCommand is a no-op on Obscura, so the fallback's DOM-level select-all doesn't carry the same 'replace selection' semantics into ACE's model and the new text is inserted rather than replacing the old" } } },
+      { name: 'ACE',            page: 'ace',            selector: '#editor', skip: { Kitesurf: "the submit button below the editor is unclickable: Kitesurf's hit testing does not clip ACE's gutter layer to the editor's overflow:hidden box (verified: elementFromPoint at the button's center returns .ace_gutter-layer)" }, skipTests: { 'rewrites pre-populated content': { Obscura: "ACE keeps cursor/selection state in its own internal model like Monaco, but reaches it via the browser's real execCommand-driven selection-replace on Chrome; execCommand is a no-op on Obscura, so the fallback's DOM-level select-all doesn't carry the same 'replace selection' semantics into ACE's model and the new text is inserted rather than replacing the old" } } },
       { name: 'CodeMirror 5',   page: 'codemirror5',    selector: '#editor', skip: { CDPBrowser: 'CodeMirror.fromTextArea() adopts and hides the backing <textarea>; its live content lives only in an internal JS model synced to the form via its own getValue() API at submit time, unreachable via DOM mutation or events on the backing element' } },
       { name: 'TinyMCE legacy', page: 'tinymce-legacy', selector: '#editor', skip: { CDPBrowser: 'renders its editing surface inside an <iframe> (classic TinyMCE architecture) — CDPBrowser has no frame-session support' } },
       { name: 'CKEditor 4',     page: 'ckeditor4',      selector: '#editor', skip: { CDPBrowser: 'renders its editing surface inside an <iframe> (classic CKEditor 4 architecture) — CDPBrowser has no frame-session support' } },
@@ -1524,6 +1527,7 @@ export function tests() {
       // (the <select multiple> collapse bug from the selectOption work).
       if (isHelper('Obscura')) this.skip()
       if (isHelper('Moli')) this.skip() // DOM.setFileInputFiles on Moli creates a File with an empty type (verified: files[0].type === ''), so the form posts it as application/octet-stream
+      if (isHelper('Kitesurf')) this.skip() // same root cause as "should attach file within context" above
       await I.amOnPage('/form/file')
       await I.attachFile('#avatar', 'app/avatar.jpg')
       await I.click('Submit')
@@ -1536,6 +1540,7 @@ export function tests() {
     it('should upload file located by label', async function () {
       if (isHelper('Obscura')) this.skip() // same root cause as "should upload file located by CSS" above
       if (isHelper('Moli')) this.skip() // same root cause as "should upload file located by CSS" above
+      if (isHelper('Kitesurf')) this.skip() // same root cause as "should attach file within context" above
       await I.amOnPage('/form/file')
       await I.attachFile('Avatar', 'app/avatar.jpg')
       await I.click('Submit')
@@ -2282,6 +2287,7 @@ export function tests() {
       if (isHelper('Obscura')) this.skip() // getComputedStyle(a).cursor returns 'auto' on Obscura's CSS engine instead of 'pointer' (verified directly), so the first assertion in this test throws before reaching the one it means to test
       if (isHelper('Lightpanda')) this.skip() // same root cause as "should check css property for given element" above
       if (isHelper('Moli')) this.skip() // Moli's default stylesheet does not color links: getComputedStyle(a).color is rgb(0, 0, 0) (verified directly), so the first assertion throws before reaching the one this test means to test
+      if (isHelper('Kitesurf')) this.skip() // getComputedStyle(a).cursor returns 'auto' on Kitesurf instead of 'pointer' (verified directly), so the first assertion throws before reaching the one this test means to test
 
       try {
         await I.amOnPage('/')